Barrier put around Lima, old resistance capital once (8)
I believe the answer is:
florence
'capital once' is the definition.
I can't tell whether this defines the answer.
'barrier put around lima old resistance' is the wordplay.
'barrier' becomes 'fence' (fence is a kind of barrier).
'put around' means one lot of letters goes inside another.
'lima' becomes 'L' (phonetic alphabet: alpha, bravo, charlie etc.).
'old' becomes 'o' (abbreviation).
'resistance' becomes 'r' (electronics abbreviation).
'l'+'o'+'r'='lor'
'fence' placed around 'lor' is 'FLORENCE'.
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for florence that I've seen before include "Nurse Nightingale in Italian city" , "The familiar Miss Nightingale, famous nurse" , "Name of girl ? city" , "Len, force yourself to go to Italy" , "Italian city, home of the Uffizi Gallery" .)