. . . which is adopted by cleaner graduate (8)
I believe the answer is:
charisma
'which' is the definition.
I can't tell whether this defines the answer.
'is adopted by cleaner graduate' is the wordplay.
'adopted by' is an insertion indicator (I've seen this in other clues).
'cleaner' becomes 'char' (charwoman is a type of cleaner).
'graduate' becomes 'MA' (abbreviation for Master of Arts).
'char'+'ma'='charma'
'is' put into 'charma' is 'CHARISMA'.
Can you help me to learn more?
(Other definitions for charisma that I've seen before include "it inspires loyalty" , "10 (anag)" , "Compelling attractiveness" , "ability to impress" , "Allure" .)