Authorizing, penalizing (11)

I believe the answer is:

sanctioning

I'm a little stuck... Click here to teach me more about this clue!

This might be a double definition.

'authorizing' is the first definition.
(sanctioning is a kind of authorizing)

'penalizing' is the second definition.
The definition and answer can be both to do with social activities as well as being present participle verbs.
Perhaps you can see a link between them that I can't see?

Can you help me to learn more?

I've seen this clue in The Everyman puzzle in The Observer.

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