Compensate rabble “discontented” with putsch (6)
I believe the answer is:
recoup
'compensate' is the definition.
(recouping is a kind of compensating)
'rabble discontented with putsch' is the wordplay.
'discontented' suggests removing the centre.
'with' is a charade indicator (letters next to each other).
'putsch' becomes 'coup' ('coup' can be a synonym of 'putsch').
'rabble' with its middle removed is 're'.
're'+'coup'='RECOUP'
(Other definitions for recoup that I've seen before include "Make good a loss" , "Get back one's losses" , "Regain a loss through subsequent profits" , "Recover, losses perhaps" , "Get back or recover - say losses" .)