Covering queen, bring up aristocratic adornment (6)
I believe the answer is:
peruke
'aristocratic adornment' is the definition.
(old-fashioned type of wig)
'covering queen bring up' is the wordplay.
'covering' means one lot of letters goes inside another.
'queen' becomes 'ER' (abbreviation for Elizabeth Regina).
'bring up' becomes 'puke' (vomit).
'er' going inside 'puke' is 'PERUKE'.
(Other definitions for peruke that I've seen before include "Old fashionable wig" , "Ancient wig" , "18th-century wig" , "Periwig" .)