Moral sense, for example, adopted by disguised poseur (8)
I believe the answer is:
superego
'moral sense' is the definition.
(superego is a kind of moral sense)
'example adopted by disguised poseur' is the wordplay.
'example' becomes 'eg' (short for 'exempli gratia', 'for example' in Latin).
'adopted by' means one lot of letters goes inside another (I've seen this in other clues).
'disguised' indicates an anagram.
'poseur' is an anagram of 'supero'.
'eg' going into 'supero' is 'SUPEREGO'.
'for' acts as a link.
(Other definitions for superego that I've seen before include "Internal monitor of psyche" , "makes one feel guilty" , "self-criticism?" , "Part of the unconscious mind - pose urge (anag)" , "Part of mind acting as conscience" .)