Carbon extracted from melted truck contaminated instrument (10)
I believe the answer is:
kettledrum
'instrument' is the definition.
(I know that kettledrum is a type of percussion instrument)
'carbon extracted from melted truck contaminated' is the wordplay.
'carbon' becomes 'C' (chemical symbol).
'extracted from' is a deletion indicator.
'contaminated' is an anagram indicator (a corrupted spelling).
'melted'+'truck'='meltedtruck'
'meltedtruck' with 'c' taken away is 'meltedtruk'.
'meltedtruk' anagrammed gives 'KETTLEDRUM'.
(Other definitions for kettledrum that I've seen before include "Large percussion instrument" , "One beaten by player" , "Part of kitchen" , "one beaten with sticks" , "17 instrument" .)